其实apple系列都是对fp->_wide_data的利用，apple1可以任意地址写已知值，通过伪造_wide_data变量。另house of apple之前，常用的堆利用手法都有：

+–+ house of pig、house of kiwi、house of emma

利用条件

1. 从main返回或调用exit（其实就是利用fcloseall()函数调用_IO_cleanup最终触发_IO_overflow的过程）
2. 能泄露heap地址和libc地址
3. 能使用一次largebin attac

利用原理

amd64程序下，在_IO_FILE中各地址的偏移：

0x0:'_flags',
0x8:'_IO_read_ptr',
0x10:'_IO_read_end',
0x18:'_IO_read_base',
0x20:'_IO_write_base',
0x28:'_IO_write_ptr',
0x30:'_IO_write_end',
0x38:'_IO_buf_base',
0x40:'_IO_buf_end',
0x48:'_IO_save_base',
0x50:'_IO_backup_base',
0x58:'_IO_save_end',
0x60:'_markers',
0x68:'_chain',
0x70:'_fileno',
0x74:'_flags2',
0x78:'_old_offset',
0x80:'_cur_column',
0x82:'_vtable_offset',
0x83:'_shortbuf',
0x88:'_lock',
0x90:'_offset',
0x98:'_codecvt',
0xa0:'_wide_data',
0xa8:'_freeres_list',
0xb0:'_freeres_buf',
0xb8:'__pad5',
0xc0:'_mode',
0xc4:'_unused2',
0xd8:'vtable'

在伪造_IO_file结构体的时候，伪造wide_data变量，然后通过某些函数，比如_IO_wstrn_overflow函数就可以将已知空间某些地址替换上已知值。

static wint_t
_IO_wstrn_overflow (FILE *fp, wint_t c)
{
  /* When we come to here this means the user supplied buffer is
     filled.  But since we must return the number of characters which
     would have been written in total we must provide a buffer for
     further use.  We can do this by writing on and on in the overflow
     buffer in the _IO_wstrnfile structure.  */
  _IO_wstrnfile *snf = (_IO_wstrnfile *) fp;

  if (fp->_wide_data->_IO_buf_base != snf->overflow_buf)
    {
      _IO_wsetb (fp, snf->overflow_buf,
         snf->overflow_buf + (sizeof (snf->overflow_buf)
                      / sizeof (wchar_t)), 0);

      fp->_wide_data->_IO_write_base = snf->overflow_buf;
      fp->_wide_data->_IO_read_base = snf->overflow_buf;
      fp->_wide_data->_IO_read_ptr = snf->overflow_buf;
      fp->_wide_data->_IO_read_end = (snf->overflow_buf
                      + (sizeof (snf->overflow_buf)
                     / sizeof (wchar_t)));
    }

  fp->_wide_data->_IO_write_ptr = snf->overflow_buf;
  fp->_wide_data->_IO_write_end = snf->overflow_buf;

  /* Since we are not really interested in storing the characters
     which do not fit in the buffer we simply ignore it.  */
  return c;
}